Le jade est connu pour ses propriétés magique d’écarter le mal. On dit que porter un bracelet de jade absorbe les mauvais Qi du corps et améliore l’état de santé. Le jade est également connu pour porter bonheur !!
Mais le Qi, c’est quoi ?
Le Qi est une notion très importante et répandue en Chine, car en effet, dans le domaine de la Médecine traditionnelle chinoise, la façon de concevoir la vie, la santé et la maladie, de poser les diagnostics et d’élaborer les traitements repose sur un a priori : l’idée spéculative que tout ce qui nous entoure et nous constitue est essentiellement le fruit d’une même composante fondamentale : le Qi .
Mais connaissez vous le jade sous son aspect historique ? Si non, alors laissez vous emporter par la lecture de ce petit article !
Il est à priori inconcevable d’aborder la question de l’art en Chine sans parler du jade, qui permit en majeure partie de faire d’importantes découvertes sur les modes de vie de la population à l’époque des débuts de la civilisation chinoise, c’est à dire à l’époque de la période néolithique en Chine (3000-2000 av. J.-C.).
Pour en savoir plus sur l’importance de ce matériau aux premiers instants de la civilisation chinoise, les Atelier Franco-Chinois vous proposent un article sur le Jade, élément crucial quant à la datation des périodes pré et protohistoriques (période de transition entre la préhistoire et l’histoire (du IIIe au Ier millénaire avant J.-C.) ; fin du néolithique).
Suite à la découverte de foyers de culture (Longshan, vers 3500-2500 av. J.-C., Liangzhu, vers 3300-2200 av. J.-C.), il a pu être démontré grâce à la composition des mobiliers funéraires un niveau élevé d’organisation sociale, allié à la production d’objets manufacturés en jade réservés à une élite et décorés de représentations symboliques certainement liées à la sphère religieuse.
Ces cultures dans lesquelles on a constaté une présence importante d’objets manufacturés en jade témoignent toutes en effet d‘un niveau d’organisation sociale annonciateur de la structure pyramidale de la société chinoise des périodes suivantes. C’est aux membres de l’élite dominante que sont effectivement destinés les ornements et les objets rituels en jade trouvés dans les sépultures (lieu où est déposé le corps d’un défunt.). Le jade était donc vraisemblablement un emblème du statut social et d’autorité. Le défunt disposant d’un prestige apparemment incontestable est littéralement enseveli sous le jade : les gens considérés comme faisant parti de la hiérarchie supérieur s’approprie ainsi une matière associée à un travail difficile et lent, et en fait sa marque distinctive.
Le jade a donc permit de découvrir qu’à l’époque du néolitique tardif en Chine il existait déjà des formes de classes sociales !
C’est la fin de cet article, j’espère qu’il vous aura éclairé sur le jade. Il est tant de s’en procurer ! 😀 C’est une pierre magnifique qui n’est pas uniquement de couleur verte, mais également blanche, rose, bleu.
Ce qu’il faut retenir :
Néolithique tardif en Chine :
- vers 4000-2000 av. J.-C.
- phase cruciale au cours de laquelle se structurent les premières sociétés hiérarchisées
- production d’objets manufacturés en jade, représentatifs d’un mobilier funéraire et d’un niveau élevé d’organisation sociale
- Jades ont permis de dater des périodes pré et protohistoriques
La culture du jade dans le néolithique tardif :
- Jade : matériaux très complexe et très long à manier
—> ce pour quoi seuls les élites en possédaient
- culture de Longshan (vers 3500-2500 av. J.-C.) et culture Liangzhu (3300-2200 av. J.-C.), de part le présence importante d’objets manufacturés en jade, témoignent d’un niveau d’organisation social
- objets rituels et ornements en jade dans les sépultures étaient destinés à l’élite dominante
- objets en jade : emblème de statut social et d’autorité
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